Cooking Tips
Not all pieces of meat are cooked in the same way. Depending on the type of dish we want to prepare, we will need a specific beef cut so as not to spoil the dish.
In addition, each way of cooking has different characteristics, both in time and in the tools necessary. It is essential to know and understand the differences in order to make a good choice for each beef cut and for each occasion.
Broiling
Broiling is much like grilling in that food is cooked directly with high heat. The difference between broiling and grilling is that broiling is usually done in an oven and the heat source is above the food (except when pan-broiling) whereas grilling is done on equipment that is generally used outdoors and the heat source is below the food.
Beef for broiling should be tender with adequate marbling and since the goal is to cook the meat quickly,
it should not be too thick.
Before broiling cuts of beef, it is beneficial to remove the meat from refrigeration for a few minutes to warm it slightly, however the meat should not be allowed to remain at room temperature for an extended period. It may be difficult to broil well-chilled beef properly if the meat is placed immediately into the broiler from the refrigerator.
If a beefsteak has a thick layer of fat on the outside edges, it should be trimmed off so that only about 1/8″ of fat remains. A little bit of fat around the edges helps to seal in the juices and keeps the edges from drying out when the meat is broiled. The remaining fat layer should be vertically slashed at one inch intervals around the perimeter of the steak to help prevent the meat from curling due to the heat of the broiler.
Beef cuts should be brushed with oil before they are placed on the broiling pan to prevent sticking when they are cooked. Meat that has been marinated in any mixture containing oil can be placed on the pan without additional oiling.
When broiling beef, the meat is usually cooked on one side, turned once, and cooked on the other side. When turning the meat, a tongs should be used to avoid puncturing the meat and allowing juices to escape. The goal is to produce beef with a brown, crusty surface and an interior that is juicy and tender.
Grilling
The high heat of grilling sears the surface of beef, creating tender meat with a flavorful crust. The required cooking temperature and the method of grilling (direct, indirect, or a combination) depends on the cut of beef and the quality of the meat.
The grilling process cooks foods over a high heat source, either directly, indirectly, or a combination of both. Grilling temperatures typically reach as high as 650ºF, but any temperature above 300ºF is suitable as a grilling temperature. As with any cooking method, grilled beef should not be overcooked in order to produce the best results.
Boning or extra trimming may be required for some beef cuts, which can be done while the grill preheats. The outer fat layer can be trimmed down to 1/8″ to reduce the amount of fat. It is important to leave at least 1/8″ of fat to help seal in the juices while the meat is cooking. When grilling steaks, better results are produced when the fat is slashed at 1-inch intervals around the perimeter of the steak. This helps to reduce the tendency of the steak to curl up during the grilling process.
Some beef cuts may require tenderizing, either by pounding, marinating, applying a rub, or barding. Beef can be tenderized while waiting for the grill to preheat, although when marinating beef, it may be best to allow additional time for the meat to soak in the marinade.
When grilling steaks, use tongs or a spatula to turn the meat. A fork should not be used because it pierces the meat allowing juices to escape. Hamburger patties should be turned with a spatula.
Grilled beefsteaks are safe to eat if the center is still a bit pink. Harmful bacteria are killed if the internal temperature reaches 145ºF. In fact, it is recommended that steak not be overcooked to ensure optimum flavor and tenderness.
Oven Roasting
Although it requires more time, oven roasting is the simplest cooking method because it requires little attention.
Roasting is a dry heat cooking method that is often used for large, tender beef cuts. The best cuts for roasting are obtained from the loin and the rib. In order to properly roast a cut of beef, it should be placed on a rack in a roasting pan that is not too deep and cooked, uncovered, in a preheated oven.
Heat oven to temperature. Place roast (directly from the refrigerator), fat side up, on rack in shallow roasting pan. The exception is a Rib roast; the ribs form a natural rack. Season roast with herbs and seasonings, as desired. Insert ovenproof meat thermometer so tip is centered in thickest part of roast, not resting in fat or touching bone. Do not add water. Do not cover.
Allow the beef to roast at 450°F for 45 minutes and then begin checking the internal temperature of the meat with a meat thermometer. Continue roasting the meat until the internal temperature has reached 5 or 10 degrees below the desired doneness. The total roasting time depends on the type of beef cut that is roasted, the weight of the beef cut, the level of doneness desired, and the accuracy of the oven. Generally, the roasting time may range from 15 to 30 minutes per pound.
Remove the roast from the oven and place aluminum foil loosely over the meat to hold in the heat. Let the roast stand for 15 minutes. The temperature will continue to rise 5 or 10 degrees, reaching the proper doneness. The resting period will allow the juices to settle in the roast making it more tender and easier to carve
Pan-frying
Broiling is Pan-frying is similar to sautéing except that a little more oil is used, the cuts of beef do not have to be thin, and the cooking process may require more time. Like sautéing, high heat is used to sear the meat, creating a flavorful browned crust. The meat is patted with paper towels to remove excess moisture, seasoning is added, and then it is placed into a hot skillet containing heated oil. The oil should sizzle when the meat hits the pan: if it doesn’t sizzle, it is an indication that the pan and oil are not hot enough.
The skillet should have a heavy bottom so that heat will be conducted more easily. A large, well-seasoned, cast-iron skillet works well or a heavy nonstick pan may be used. Make sure the pan is of adequate size so that there is plenty of room for the meat to brown. If the pan is crowded, the meat will steam more than it will brown. Do not use a fork to turn the beef in the pan because piercing the meat will allow juices to escape. A tongs or spatula are the best instruments to use.
Beefsteaks up to an inch thick are good candidates for pan-frying. The goal is to produce meat that has a brown, crispy surface with tender, juicy, and flavorful meat inside. Steaks may be fried to any degree of doneness that is desired, but the internal temperature should reach 145°F to ensure that harmful bacteria have been destroyed.
A meat thermometer can be used to check the internal temperature. A thick steak that has been cooked to an internal temperature of 140°F or so, may be removed from the pan, covered, and allowed to rest for a few minutes. The temperature will continue to rise about 5°F, reaching the proper doneness. This also allows the remaining meat juices to settle resulting in tender, flavorful steak.
Stewing
Stewing is a moist heat cooking process much like braising except that the meat is totally immersed in liquid rather than being only partially immersed as it is with braising. Another difference is that the meat used for stewing is usually cut into smaller pieces rather than being left as one large piece. Many of the same cuts that are suitable for braising are ideal as stew meat. Beef cuts from the round, flank, and plate are often used and in addition, meat from the shank, which is very tough, is best when it is cooked in stews.
Beef stew is a dish that is often prepared with tougher cuts of beef that have been cut into small pieces. The chunks of beef are browned on all sides in a large pot using a small amount of oil. After the meat is browned, it is removed from the pan and chopped vegetables, such as carrots, onions, celery and potatoes are added and quickly seared. Some recipes call for chopped tomatoes to be added as well.
Any vegetables that are not suitable for a long cooking time should not be added until the last 20 to 40 minutes of the cooking process. Herbs and spices are added and a generous quantity of water. The browned pieces of beef are returned to the pan. After the liquid has been brought to a boil, the heat is turned down and the pan is covered.
As the ingredients slowly cook, the liquid becomes thicker and very flavorful from the combination of the various ingredients. Fat and impurities are skimmed from the surface periodically during the cooking process to ensure that the stew is not too high in it’s fat content and to provide for better flavor.
Stir-Frying
The stir-frying process requires high heat and the tossing and stirring of ingredients in a large pan to ensure quick and even cooking. A wok is the traditional type of pan to use for stir-frying because it has deep tapered sides which allows food to be stirred and tossed easily. If a wok is not available, a deep heavy skillet works very well for stir-frying and nonstick pans are also easy to use. Wood or metal utensils should be used to stir the food. Plastic utensils should be avoided because they can melt..
The beef for stir-fry recipes should be cut into small strips and should have very little fat. The small strips will ensure that the meat will cook thoroughly, even when it is only cooked for a short time. Use sirloin strips, top loin, tri-tip, and rib-eye for stir-fry recipes. Tougher cuts can also be used and are especially good if they are marinated first in order to tenderize them. Cutting the meat into small strips also makes a tougher cut seem a bit more tender. It is important to slice the beef across the grain so that the meat fibers are short, which will make the meat less chewy.
Make sure to add the proper quantity of oil to the pan. Only 1 or 2 tablespoons of oil per pound of ingredients is required. An oil with a high smoke point should be used so that it will not burn at high temperatures.
It is important to add different ingredients to the pan at the appropriate times to ensure that all the ingredients are cooked properly. Some of the vegetables may require a longer cooking time than the beef strips so they should be added to the pan first. If everything is placed in the pan at the same time, the results will be unsatisfactory. The ingredients should be cooked until tender, but they should never be overcooked or the beef will toughen and the remaining ingredients will become limp and soggy.
Skillet cooking
Cooking ground beef in a skillet on the stove top works well. This method is relatively quick and allows you to control how browned you want the meat. The ground beef is done when all the pieces are browned, but you can continue browning the meat to get a crispy outside if desired. Ground beef cooked in a skillet is suitable for using in meat sandwiches, tacos, casseroles and other recipes that call for it.
Heat a large skillet on the stove top over medium-high heat.
Place a portion of the ground beef into the hot skillet. Use the spatula to break apart the portion into smaller pieces.
Season the ground beef with salt and pepper. Sprinkle in additional seasonings as desired, such as garlic powder, onion powder, cayenne pepper or oregano.
Stir the ground beef every three to five minutes as it cooks in the skillet. Break apart the cooking meat with the spatula to get the pieces smaller if desired. Cook the ground beef for 8 to 10 minutes or until no pink remains in the middle of the pieces.
Tip the skillet slightly so the grease runs to one side of the pan. Use a slotted spoon to scoop out the ground beef from the other side of the pan, allowing the grease to drain off as you scoop.
Lay the cooked ground beef onto paper towels to soak up the remaining fat. Pat the beef gently with another paper towel to squeeze out more grease. Continue using the ground beef as the recipe instructs.
Braising
Braising is a process of slow cooking tougher cuts of meat in liquid in order to add flavor and to moisten and tenderize the meat. This technique is also known as pot-roasting. In a beef cut such as a chuck roast, there is a pattern of connective tissues and thick marbling that makes the meat tough if it is not cooked with a method that melts these tissues. Dry heat-cooking methods, such as oven roasting, do not allow the internal temperature of the meat to become high enough to break down the fat and connective tissues. If the roast is left in the oven long enough to break down the tough tissues, then the outer portions of the meat become overcooked, dry, and tough.
Pour a small amount of oil into a heated pan or pot. The pan should be only slightly larger than the cut of beef so that only a small quantity of liquid will be required for braising. Sear the meat on all sides.
After the meat has browned, remove it from the pan and pour off most of the fat. Add aromatic vegetables to the pan, such as onions, carrots, garlic, and celery. Sauté the vegetables for 1 or 2 minutes.Return the meat to the pan and add liquid to a level of about half way up the meat. If the liquid completely covers the meat, it is considered stewing rather than braising. The liquids that are most often used include water, stock, juice, beer, or wine.
The beef can be braised on the stovetop or in the oven. If it is cooked on the stove, the liquid should be brought to a boil and then the heat should be reduced to a simmer before the pan is covered. If the meat is to be braised in the oven, the meat should be cooked in a covered ovenproof pan and the oven temperature should be set at 325°F to 350°F. In both cases, the meat is allowed to cook until it is fork tender.
When the beef is fully cooked, remove it from the pan using some tongs. Cover the meat to keep it warm while the sauce is being prepared.
Determining doneness
For steaks (1/2 inch or thicker), insert an instant-read thermometer horizontally from the side, so that it penetrates the thickest part or the center of the steak, not touching bone or fat.
After cooking, let steaks stand for 3 minutes before serving.